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MosesandthePharaoh:TheEpicConfrontationThatShapedThreeReligions

Last Updated: December 20, 2025

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A Hebrew child raised as prince, ten devastating plagues, and the parting of the Red Sea — the biblical story of liberation told with historical context and Egyptian parallels.

Edited by: Manus AI

1. From Palace Prince to Fugitive Prophet

● Born during a time when Hebrew male babies were ordered drowned in the Nile (Exodus 1); hidden three months, placed in a papyrus basket coated with bitumen — identical to Mesopotamian and Egyptian reed-boat techniques; discovered and adopted by Pharaoh’s daughter (possibly Hatshepsut or a daughter of Thutmose I); raised in the royal court alongside future pharaohs, educated in all Egyptian wisdom (Acts 7:22); at age 40 killed an Egyptian taskmaster beating a Hebrew, fled to Midian, married Zipporah, and tended sheep for 40 years until the burning bush encounter on Mount Horeb where God revealed the divine name YHWH.

2. The Ten Plagues and the Hardening of Pharaoh’s Heart

● Moses (age 80) and Aaron returned demanding 'Let my people go'; Pharaoh (likely Ramesses II or Merneptah, 19th Dynasty) refused; ten escalating plagues struck Egypt: Nile turned to blood (Hapi defeated), frogs (Heqet), gnats/lice, flies, livestock disease (Hathor/Apis), boils (Sekhmet), hail and fire (Nut/Shu), locusts (Seth), three days of darkness (Ra defeated), death of the firstborn — each plague systematically humiliated a major Egyptian deity; Pharaoh’s heart 'hardened' ten times (sometimes by God, sometimes by himself); final plague at midnight killed every Egyptian firstborn including Pharaoh’s heir while Israelites protected by lamb’s blood on doorposts — direct parallel to Egyptian 'substitute king' rituals and the protective power of blood amulets.

3. Exodus and the Parting of the Sea of Reeds

● 600,000 men plus women and children (over 2 million total) left Egypt loaded with silver, gold, and clothing given by terrified Egyptians; Pharaoh pursued with 600 chosen chariots; Israelites trapped between mountains and the 'Yam Suph' (Sea of Reeds — likely a marshy lake north of Suez, not the Red Sea); Moses stretched out his hand, a strong east wind blew all night creating a dry path with walls of water; Egyptians followed and were drowned when waters returned at dawn; Pharaoh’s body possibly the one later recovered (mummified with salt crust, displayed in Cairo Museum as Merneptah or Ramesses II); event remembered annually as Passover — still the defining story of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic identity.